农业科研重大设施运行费实施成效与对策建议

文章总结了中央级农业科研单位重大专用设施运行费的现状与实施成效，分析了执行过程中存在的突出问题，提出了加强管理的对策建议。     

2013年夏季内蒙古干旱-半干旱区两次极端降水事件对比

2013年夏季,内蒙古中西部干旱-半干旱区多次出现极端降水事件,引发气象灾害.为探寻其特征及成因,选择“6·30”、“7·14”两次典型极端降水事件,从天气尺度系统、中尺度对流系统、热力动力条件、水汽来源等方面进行对比分析,得到以下结论:①“6 · 30”暴雨是华北小高压前的切变线产生;“7·14”暴雨是“北槽南涡”与台风北上共同作用的结果.②两次暴雨都是中尺度对流复合体(MCS)发展的结果.“6·30”暴雨突发性强,具有局地特点;“7·14”暴雨具有列车效应,持续时间长.③两次暴雨水汽来源不同.“6·30”暴雨水汽来源于南海;“7.14”暴雨是“北槽南涡”加上远距离台风输送的结果.④“6·30”暴雨是高压切变线西侧干、东侧湿,在锋区附近产生上升运动促发不稳定能量释放;高空“干侵入”是“7·14”暴雨的促发机制.⑤东亚夏季风偏强,西北太平洋副热带高压脊线位置偏北,是内蒙古中西部干旱-半干旱区极端降水事件的重要原因.     

高职营销类专业多途径项目化教学的实践探索

高职院校营销类专业学生培养，应将多途径项目化教学与社会服务实践相融合，综合考虑目标、过程、应用、评估等方面，并与社会服务实践进行融合，最终达成社会服务能力建设、高职院校人才培养目标。     

“一图制”——园林专业计算机辅助设计一体化教学模式探讨

计算机辅助设计被广泛应用于设计行业中。文中分析总结园林专业计算机辅助设计相关教学工作过程中存在的问题,提出解决问题的对策,探讨如何采用"一图制"的模式合理地进行一体化案例教学,使高校教学紧密结合实际工作过程及工作任务,为计算机辅助设计教学提供参考。     

陕西省重大动物疫病秋防免疫抗体的检测与分析

猪瘟、口蹄疫、禽流感和新城疫四种重大动物疫病对畜禽业的危害非常严重,目前疫苗免疫是预防和控制动物疫病最有效的途径,免疫抗体检测能很好的反映出免疫效果的好坏。为了及时了解陕西省重大动物疫病免疫状况,2010年11月份在全省11个市(区)的21个县随机采集牛、羊、猪、鸡秋防免疫血清共2359份,按照农业部规定的检测方法,对其进行了重大动物疫病免疫抗体水平的检测,检测结果均达到或超过农业部规定的合格标准,说明陕西省今年秋防动物免疫效果总体较好。     

Two major genes for kernel weight in rye

Previously, kernel weight in rye was considered mostly as a quantitatively inherited trait. F₁ plants from parents showing a great difference in kernel weight were selfed and the segregating F₂ population was analysed with molecular markers. Two simple sequence repeats markers, one on chromosome 5 and the other on chromosome 7, were found which allowed the genetic analysis of two major genes acting in a complementary way. The analysis of major genes is an advantage in breeding for this important economic trait. In addition it can provide more insight into the genetic structure of this character. This is, in turn, also a prerequisite for future investigations of this trait at the molecular level.     

Breeding maize lines for complete and partial resistance to maize streak virus (MSV)

Summary S₁ to S₅ inbred lines, derived from a maize population bred for its overall resistance to three tropical viruses, were screened for resistance to maize streak virus (MSV) by artificial plant infection using viruliferous leafhoppers. Symptoms were rated and intra-line frequency distributions studied for all pedigree inbred lines. Mortality due to MSV was very low among these inbreds. Symptoms appeared later, developed slower and were less severe than in the susceptible control hybrid. Results of a study of 500 S₁ and 93 S₂ lines suggested that resistance is under genetic control via a system involving loci with major genes (with dominance for resistance) controlling high to complete resistance, associated with a genetic system involving loci with minor genes controlling partial resistance. Lines expressing complete resistance to MSV were developed from 5 cycles of inbreeding and selection. The relevance of such complete and partial resistance is discussed.Abbreviations MRPS Mean Rating for Plants exhibiting Symptoms     

Race-specific effects in major genic and polygenic resistance of barley to barley leaf rust in the field: identification and distinction

Summary Six partially resistant spring barley cultivars were exposed to four barley leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) races in the field and in the greenhouse. The 24 cultivar-race combinations were tested in field plots of 1.5×1.5 m² in two replications over two years. To reduce the interplot exchange of urediospores each plot was surrounded by winter rye.The level of barley leaf rust varied among cultivars, races and years. In both years the variance for cultivar-race interactions was highly significant and originating largely from the cultivar-race combinations Berac-22. Armelle-22, Armelle-A and Tyra-A. The Berac-22 interaction was towards higher, the other three interactions towards a lower level of barley leaf rust. The reduced rust levels of these three combinations were not due to interactions between the partial resistance of these cultivars and the aggressiveness of the races but to major genes for hypersensitivity not effective to the races 1-2-1 and F, common in Western Europe, but effective against the rare races 22 and A. This was revealed in the greenhouse experiments where all combinations had a susceptible infection type except Armelle-22, Armelle-A and Tyra-A, which showed low infection types in both the seedling and adult plant stages. The urediosori present in the field plots of these three combinations apparently arose from spores derived from other plots; this interplot interchange suggesting partial resistance.The interaction of Berac with race 22 truly was a small race-specific effect within the polygenic, partial resistance of barley to barley leaf rust like the one reported before between Julia and race 18.     

Caspase-9在肉用绵羊主要生殖器官中的分布研究

通过试验研究凋亡因子Caspase-9在肉用绵羊主要生殖器官中的表达,并探讨其生理意义.利用免疫组织化学的方法对Caspase-9在肉用绵羊主要生殖器官中的表达进行研究.研究结果显示,Caspase-9只在细胞质中表达,其在卵巢中主要分布于原始卵泡、初级卵泡及颗粒性黄体细胞,而卵泡膜性黄体细胞中未见表达;黄体期,主要表达于子宫的浅层腺体腺上皮细胞、子宫内膜上皮细胞、子宫颈黏膜固有层的淋巴小结、输卵管黏膜上皮分泌细胞和纤毛细胞、峡部的浆液性腺的腺上皮细胞;卵泡期,子宫和输卵管各个部位阳性反应不明显.在正常生理情况下,Caspase-9参与了肉用绵羊主要生殖器官周期性变化的调控和子宫黏膜免疫,对生殖器官功能的稳定发挥起着重要作用.     

不同氨基酸组合对真鲷(Chrysophrys major)诱食效果的研究

试验以真鲷为试验对象,采用迷宫法,以丙氨酸、甘氨酸、精氨酸和组氨酸作为诱食剂原料,经不同组合后测定其对真鲷的诱食效果。结果显示,甘氨酸+组氨酸的诱食效果最好,其各种组合的诱食效果依次为甘氨酸+组氨酸>甘氨酸+丙氨酸>甘氨酸>组氨酸>丙氨酸>丙氨酸+精氨酸>丙氨酸+甘氨酸+组氨酸>精氨酸+组氨酸>甘氨酸+精氨酸>甘氨酸+丙氨酸+精氨酸>丙氨酸+组氨酸>精氨酸>丙氨酸+精氨酸+组氨酸>甘氨酸+丙氨酸+精氨酸+组氨酸。